Як досягти швидкості OpenVPN в 89% від швидкості WireGuard

/uk/linux/snippets/ openvpnkernelwireguard
25/Січень/2023
авторRentaro
Rentaro

В інтернеті маса публікацій на тему покращення швидкості OpenVPN, і часто всі вони зосереджені на налаштуваннях самого сервер-клієнта, розмірів пакетів, алгоритми шифрування або їх відключення. Усі приводять у порівняння WireGuard, мовляв, він працює в kernel space, у той час як openvpn у userspace. А це не зовсім так.

Тут я відразу маю уточнити, що наведений спосіб вирішення проблеми специфічний для віртуалок з малим об’ємом пам’яті, від 1Gb до 8Gb, в інших випадках треба зіставляти пам’ять, канал та швидкість.

Ось список значень, що динамічно встановлюються відповідно до обсягу пам’яті системи:

  • sysctl net.core.rmem_default
  • sysctl net.core.rmem_max
  • sysctl net.core.wmem_default
  • sysctl net.core.wmem_max
  • sysctl net.core.somaxconn
  • sysctl net.core.netdev_max_backlog
  • sysctl net.core.optmem_max
  • sysctl net.ipv4.udp_mem
  • sysctl net.ipv4.udp_rmem_min
  • sysctl net.ipv4.udp_wmem_min
  • sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_mem
  • sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_rmem
  • sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_wmem
  • sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries
  • sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time
  • sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets

Рекомендовані значення sysctl

nano /etc/sysctl.conf і додаємо в кінець файлу

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net.core.rmem_default               = 16777216
net.core.rmem_max                   = 33554432
net.core.wmem_default               = 16777216
net.core.wmem_max                   = 33554432
net.core.somaxconn                  = 8192
net.core.netdev_max_backlog         = 32768
net.core.optmem_max                 = 25165824
net.ipv4.udp_mem                    = 131072 1048576 25165824
net.ipv4.udp_rmem_min               = 16384
net.ipv4.udp_wmem_min               = 16384
net.ipv4.tcp_mem                    = 262144 1048576 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem                   = 16384 262144 8388608
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem                   = 16384 262144 8388608
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries         = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time         = 3600
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets         = 524288
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse               = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_rfc1337                = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies             = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout            = 25
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes       = 5
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl        = 45

Варіант встановлення параметрів у консолі для працюючої системи

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/usr/sbin/sysctl net.core.somaxconn=8192
/usr/sbin/sysctl net.core.rmem_default=16777216
/usr/sbin/sysctl net.core.rmem_max=33554432
/usr/sbin/sysctl net.core.wmem_default=16777216
/usr/sbin/sysctl net.core.wmem_max=33554432
/usr/sbin/sysctl net.core.somaxconn=8192
/usr/sbin/sysctl net.core.netdev_max_backlog=32768
/usr/sbin/sysctl net.core.optmem_max=25165824
/usr/sbin/sysctl net.ipv4.udp_mem='131072 1048576 25165824'
/usr/sbin/sysctl net.ipv4.udp_rmem_min=16384
/usr/sbin/sysctl net.ipv4.udp_wmem_min=16384
/usr/sbin/sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_mem='262144 1048576 16777216'
/usr/sbin/sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_rmem='16384 262144 8388608'
/usr/sbin/sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_wmem='16384 262144 8388608'
/usr/sbin/sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries=2
/usr/sbin/sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_rfc1337=1
/usr/sbin/sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies=1
/usr/sbin/sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout=25
/usr/sbin/sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time=3600
/usr/sbin/sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes=5
/usr/sbin/sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl=45
/usr/sbin/sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets=524288
/usr/sbin/sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse=1

Config файл сервера

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dev tun0
topology subnet
server 10.10.100.0 255.255.255.0
mode server
port 1234
proto udp
user nobody         # openvpn
group nogroup       # openvpn
# data-ciphers AES-256-CBC
data-ciphers AES-256-GCM
# data-ciphers AES-128-GCM
# data-ciphers CHACHA20-POLY1305
data-ciphers-fallback AES-256-CBC
auth sha256
engine aesni
tun-mtu 1408
sndbuf 2097152
rcvbuf 2097152
txqueuelen 10000
push "sndbuf 2097152"      # 1048576 | 2097152
push "rcvbuf 2097152"      # 1048576 | 2097152
# mssfix 0
# fragment 0
# txqueuelen 5000
keepalive 10 30
# reneg-sec 120
# ping 10
# ping-restart 60
persist-key
persist-tun
tls-server
tls-timeout 360
hand-window 360
auth-nocache
key                       /etc/openvpn/server/keys/server_key.pem
askpass                   /etc/openvpn/server/keys/server_key.passwd
cert                      /etc/openvpn/server/keys/server_cert.pem
ca                        /etc/openvpn/server/keys/CA_cert.pem
tls-auth                  /etc/openvpn/server/keys/shared.key 0              # legacy ta.key
# tls-crypt-v2            /etc/openvpn/server/keys/v2crypt-server.key        # new tls key
dh                        /etc/openvpn/server/keys/dh8192_v2.pem
crl-verify                /etc/openvpn/server/crl/crl.pem
# ifconfig-pool-persist   /etc/openvpn/server/ipp.txt
client-to-client
client-config-dir         /etc/openvpn/server/ccd
# ccd-exclusive           # client ccd config must be set
script-security 1
# push                    "route 10.7.10.0 255.255.255.0"
# route 192.168.24.0 255.255.255.0
log                       /var/log/openvpn/openvpn.log
status                    /var/log/openvpn/openvpn-status.log

Config файл клієнта

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client
dev tun5
proto udp
port 1234
remote 8.8.8.8
key-direction 1
tls-client
remote-cert-tls server
tls-auth            /etc/openvpn/shared.key 1                     # legacy ta.key
# tls-crypt-v2      /etc/openvpn/v2crypt-client.key               # new tls key
ca                  /etc/openvpn/CA_cert.pem
cert                /etc/openvpn/kvm_cert.pem
key                 /etc/openvpn/kvm_key.pem
askpass             /etc/openvpn/kvm_key.passwd
persist-key
persist-tun
# data-ciphers AES-256-CBC
# data-ciphers-fallback AES-256-CBC
txqueuelen 10000
user nobody         # openvpn
group nogroup       # openvpn
auth sha256
route-method exe
route-delay 10
log /var/log/openvpn/openvpn.log
status /var/log/openvpn/openvpn-status.log
verb 3

Перевірка швидкості

На VPS iperf3 -s -4

Перевірка до IP openvpn iperf3 -c 10.10.100.1 -b 100M --time 25 -l 4096

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Connecting to host 10.10.100.1, port 5201
[  5] local 10.10.100.25 port 38680 connected to 10.10.100.1 port 5201
[ ID] Interval           Transfer     Bitrate         Retr  Cwnd
[  5]   0.00-1.00   sec  10.8 MBytes  90.4 Mbits/sec  109    291 KBytes       
[  5]   1.00-2.00   sec  9.69 MBytes  81.3 Mbits/sec    0    315 KBytes       
[  5]   2.00-3.00   sec  11.5 MBytes  96.6 Mbits/sec    0    334 KBytes       
[  5]   3.00-4.00   sec  9.37 MBytes  78.6 Mbits/sec   45    262 KBytes       
[  5]   4.00-5.00   sec  9.46 MBytes  79.4 Mbits/sec    0    302 KBytes       
[  5]   5.00-6.00   sec  9.41 MBytes  79.0 Mbits/sec    0    327 KBytes       
[  5]   6.00-7.00   sec  10.3 MBytes  86.0 Mbits/sec    0    340 KBytes       
[  5]   7.00-8.00   sec  12.0 MBytes   100 Mbits/sec    0    347 KBytes       
[  5]   8.00-9.00   sec  10.7 MBytes  90.0 Mbits/sec    0    365 KBytes       
[  5]   9.00-10.00  sec  11.1 MBytes  93.4 Mbits/sec    0    387 KBytes       
[  5]  10.00-11.00  sec  11.1 MBytes  93.1 Mbits/sec    0    408 KBytes       
[  5]  11.00-12.00  sec  10.2 MBytes  85.9 Mbits/sec    1    334 KBytes       
[  5]  12.00-13.00  sec  10.2 MBytes  85.3 Mbits/sec    0    369 KBytes       
[  5]  13.00-14.00  sec  12.6 MBytes   106 Mbits/sec    0    391 KBytes       
[  5]  14.00-15.00  sec  8.32 MBytes  69.8 Mbits/sec    2    302 KBytes       
[  5]  15.00-16.00  sec  9.84 MBytes  82.6 Mbits/sec    0    320 KBytes       
[  5]  16.00-17.00  sec  10.4 MBytes  86.9 Mbits/sec    0    336 KBytes       
[  5]  17.00-18.00  sec  11.1 MBytes  92.9 Mbits/sec    0    359 KBytes       
[  5]  18.00-19.00  sec  10.5 MBytes  88.2 Mbits/sec    0    380 KBytes       
[  5]  19.00-20.00  sec  11.1 MBytes  93.0 Mbits/sec    0    401 KBytes       
[  5]  20.00-21.00  sec  10.8 MBytes  90.6 Mbits/sec   14    313 KBytes       
[  5]  21.00-22.00  sec  10.9 MBytes  91.4 Mbits/sec    0    358 KBytes       
[  5]  22.00-23.00  sec  11.5 MBytes  96.7 Mbits/sec    0    387 KBytes       
[  5]  23.00-24.00  sec  9.81 MBytes  82.3 Mbits/sec    0    403 KBytes       
[  5]  24.00-25.00  sec  11.3 MBytes  94.8 Mbits/sec    0    411 KBytes       
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval           Transfer     Bitrate         Retr
[  5]   0.00-25.00  sec   264 MBytes  88.6 Mbits/sec  171             sender
[  5]   0.00-25.03  sec   263 MBytes  88.2 Mbits/sec                  receiver

Перевірка до IP wireguard iperf3 -c 10.10.101.1 -b 100M --time 25 -l 4096

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Connecting to host 10.10.101.1, port 5201
[  5] local 10.10.101.25 port 53980 connected to 10.10.101.1 port 5201
[ ID] Interval           Transfer     Bitrate         Retr  Cwnd
[  5]   0.00-1.00   sec  11.9 MBytes  99.9 Mbits/sec  1025    279 KBytes       
[  5]   1.00-2.00   sec  10.6 MBytes  89.0 Mbits/sec    0    309 KBytes       
[  5]   2.00-3.00   sec  11.5 MBytes  96.6 Mbits/sec    0    327 KBytes       
[  5]   3.00-4.00   sec  12.3 MBytes   103 Mbits/sec    0    354 KBytes       
[  5]   4.00-5.00   sec  12.5 MBytes   105 Mbits/sec    0    379 KBytes       
[  5]   5.00-6.00   sec  11.7 MBytes  98.3 Mbits/sec    1    295 KBytes       
[  5]   6.00-7.00   sec  11.6 MBytes  97.2 Mbits/sec    0    339 KBytes       
[  5]   7.00-8.00   sec  12.4 MBytes   104 Mbits/sec    0    367 KBytes       
[  5]   8.00-9.00   sec  12.5 MBytes   104 Mbits/sec    0    383 KBytes       
[  5]   9.00-10.00  sec  11.2 MBytes  94.3 Mbits/sec    1    289 KBytes       
[  5]  10.00-11.00  sec  11.4 MBytes  95.7 Mbits/sec    0    311 KBytes       
[  5]  11.00-12.00  sec  12.6 MBytes   106 Mbits/sec    0    338 KBytes       
[  5]  12.00-13.00  sec  12.4 MBytes   104 Mbits/sec    0    365 KBytes       
[  5]  13.00-14.00  sec  12.2 MBytes   102 Mbits/sec    3    275 KBytes       
[  5]  14.00-15.00  sec  11.1 MBytes  93.4 Mbits/sec    0    323 KBytes       
[  5]  15.00-16.00  sec  12.2 MBytes   103 Mbits/sec    0    354 KBytes       
[  5]  16.00-17.00  sec  12.3 MBytes   103 Mbits/sec    0    374 KBytes       
[  5]  17.00-18.00  sec  12.0 MBytes   101 Mbits/sec    0    383 KBytes       
[  5]  18.00-19.00  sec  11.9 MBytes   100 Mbits/sec    6    281 KBytes       
[  5]  19.00-20.00  sec  11.1 MBytes  93.4 Mbits/sec    0    329 KBytes       
[  5]  20.00-21.00  sec  12.7 MBytes   107 Mbits/sec    0    361 KBytes       
[  5]  21.00-22.00  sec  11.9 MBytes   100 Mbits/sec    0    379 KBytes       
[  5]  22.00-23.00  sec  11.9 MBytes   100 Mbits/sec    2    278 KBytes       
[  5]  23.00-24.00  sec  10.6 MBytes  89.1 Mbits/sec    0    305 KBytes       
[  5]  24.00-25.00  sec  10.7 MBytes  89.7 Mbits/sec    0    325 KBytes       
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval           Transfer     Bitrate         Retr
[  5]   0.00-25.00  sec   295 MBytes  99.1 Mbits/sec  1038             sender
[  5]   0.00-25.02  sec   294 MBytes  98.6 Mbits/sec                  receiver

Результати

  • 88.6 Mbits/sec для OpenVPN
  • 99.1 Mbits/sec для WireGuard